Automotive headlamp applications using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been undergoing very active development since 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference">[38]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference">[39]</sup> The first series-production LED headlamps were factory-installed on the Lexus LS 600h / LS 600h L starting with the 2008 models. Low beam, front position light and sidemarker functions are performed by LEDs; high beam and turn signal functions use filament bulbs. The headlamp is supplied by Koito. Full-LED headlamps supplied by AL-Automotive Lighting were fitted on the 2008 V10 Audi R8 sports car except in North America. The Hella headlamps on the 2009 Cadillac Escalade Platinum became the first U.S. market all-LED headlamps. Present designs give performance between halogen and HID headlamps,<sup id="cite_ref-DVN_Dorissen_39-0" class="reference">[40]</sup> with system power consumption slightly lower than other headlamps, longer lifespans and more flexible design possibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference">[41]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference">[42]</sup> As LED technology continues to evolve, the performance of LED headlamps is predicted to improve to approach, meet, and perhaps one day surpass that of HID headlamps.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference">[43]
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