I've seen here most of guyees doesnt knws about ohms law and wiring options of subs,em trying to help those peoples who want to knw abt this.So guyees here its for u!!If u guyes want any help regarding this frm me,em trying to help you!
Ohm - is a unit of measure of resistance ( impedance )
Technically it cannot have its pro's and con's as it is just a "measuring unit".
Ohm's Law defines the relationships between (P) power, (E) voltage, (I) current, and (R) resistance.
( I ) Current is what flows on a wire or conductor like water flowing down a river. Current flows from negative to positive on the surface of a conductor. Current is measured in (A) amperes or amps.
( E ) Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It's the push or pressure behind current flow through a circuit, and is measured in (V) volts.
( R ) Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component. Resistors are used to control voltage and current levels. A very high resistance allows a small amount of current to flow. A very low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow. Resistance is measured in ohms.
( P ) Power is the amount of current times the voltage level at a given point measured in wattage or watts.
German physicist Georg Ohm defined the Ohms Law: The current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference (i.e. voltage drop or voltage) across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them.
The mathematical equation that describes this relationship is:
I = V/R
Current = Voltage / Resistance
Interpretation: One ohm of resistance will allow only one ampere of current to flow through a circuit when one volt of electrical force is applied to the circuit.
The voice coil of your drivers ( speakers / subs ) have a certain rated impedance ( for ex. 2 ohm, 4 ohm etc. ), meaning that these voice coils will provide a particular load ( resistance/impedance) to the flow of current.
Every amplifier is designed to run at a particular load.
for ex. an amp rated like this.
300wrms x 1 ch @ 4ohms, 600wrms x 1 ch @ 2 ohms.
meaning;
when the amplifier is subjected to a 4 ohm load it will produce 300wrms power ( that translates into 300wrms power produced by a current of 8.66 amperes at a load of 4 ohms, and the voltage measured will be 34.64 Volts according to the ohms law )
now when the load on this amplifier is changed to 2 ohms instead of 4 ohms, the resistance is reduced by half and ideally the power produced will double ie. 600wrms x 1ch @ 2 ohms. ( but this is possible only if the amplifier is designed to take lower loads and maintains its stability at the noted load, also in real world there are many other factors that affect the actual power produced)
some amplifiers are designed to take loads as low as 0.5 ohms, these are high current amps...
the reason we have 2ohms or 4 ohms SVC ( single voice coil) or DVC ( dual voice coil ) is to provide us the different wiring options.
parallel and series wiring can help us get various loads to match with our amplifiers for optimum performance.
Series wiring = When 2 voice coils ( either of the same DVC sub, or 2 SVC subs) are wired in series to the amplifier, their resistance adds up like this.
1 - for example we have two "4ohm SVC subs" rated to take 300wrms power
4 ohm + 4 ohm = 8 ohm ( R1 + R2 = R ) meaning the total load that the amplifier will see is 8 ohms.
now if an amplifier is rated at 300wrms @ 4ohm and it is subject to a 8 ohm load it will produce half the power that is 150wrms, now what is the use of buying a heavy amplifier when u cant get the full potential out of it, and whats the use of buying 2 subs when u cant power them aptly ???
Instead in this scenario what can be done is wire those 4 ohm subs in parallel... when wired in parallel the resistance adds up like under...
1/R = ( 1/R1 + 1/R2 )
therefore:
R = R1 x R2 / R1+R2
hence the net load this amplifier will see when those subs are wired in parallel will be
R = 4x4 / 4+4 = 16/8 = 2 ohms
hence the net load when two 4ohm coils are wired in parallel is 2 ohms
this will extract the most power out of the noted amp. i.e. 600wrms x 1ch @ 2 ohms... each voice coil will get 300wrms in this case.
if you have more than two loads.. i.e. either more than 2 SVC subs or more than one DVC subs, then series /parallel wiring formula would be
Series : R = R1 + R2 + R3 + .......................+ Rn
Parallel : 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ........... + 1/Rn
If you got more than one DVC sub, then solve indivudual impedance for each sub first and then use that to caculate the final impedance.
say u got 2 DVC 4 ohm subs and you wire the Voice coil of each sub in series first then
( solving individual impedance first , its like a BODMAS rule)
sub 1 = 4+ 4 = 8 ohms
sub 2 = 4+ 4 = 8 ohms
now if you wanna wire these subs in series then the final impedance would be R = 8 + 8 hence the net load would be 16 ohms,
and if you wire these subs in parallel then it would be
1/R = 1/8 + 1/8 = hence the net load would be 4 ohms.
Hence in a similar fashion one can find an optimum net load while configuring more than one SVC, DVC subs and amp combinations and wiring them for optimum performance.....
to see various wiring options see BELOW