it always depends on the car type. OBD is just a short form of (on borads diagnostic system) sensors my vary from car to car.
sensors can be of several types
Basics that i know off.
Tps sensor (in the throtle body).
Crank sensor (controls timing).
Calm shaft sensor (used in distributor less cars controls missing).
Maf / Map sensor (controls proper cylincer/exhaust working).
Radiator fan (automatedly controled if its directed check light apears so probably theres a sensor to)
Others
Eps sensors
Rain sensors
Headlight sensors
Parking sensor
Traction control
Abs Sensors.
etc etc etc