One of world's best performing engine is Toyota's legendary D4D engine and is a feat of engineering marvel. What makes Toyota Hilux Vigo and outstanding is not only their D4D engine but also their chassis frame called Toyotaâs TOP (Toyota Outstanding Performance) Platform which integrates an array of advanced performance features to offer stability and control for smooth and safe driving. TOP offer strength and good impact absorption and thus provides a more comfortable ride as well as less noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). This advanced chassis frame sits on a coil spring suspension system comprising a double wishbone layout at the front and a 4-link layout at the rear. This gives it a suspension setting that is tuned to match road conditions in Asia and Africa, so there's good drivability, stability and comfort whatever the load on board.
The 3.0 litre D-4D Common Rail Turbo Diesel 1KD-FTV- already among the most powerful and torquey in the sector - is carried over from the legendary
The engine develops 120kW (163D|N hp) at 3,400rpm with torque of 343Nm across an engine speed range of 1,600 to 3,200rpm. Maximum speed is 106mph (170km/h) with manual transmission and acceleration from 0-62mph is under 12.7 seconds.
-4D actually stands for direct Injection 4 Cylinder Common Rail Diesel Engine. Common rail diesels inject a fine mist of fuel into the engine at very high pressure. The result is the same power and refinement as a petrol engine, but with better fuel efficiency and lower emissions. One feature of the electronic controls associated with the common rail is that there is no need to wait for glow plugs to warm up before starting the engine. You just turn the key and it fires up immediately.
Toyota D-4D engines are not just noteworthy for their smooth, linear torque, though: that's a characteristic of most modern diesel engines. What D-4Ds are noteworthy for is their unusually high power outputs, equivalent to that of many competitors' similarly-sized petrol engines. The D-4D's rev range is also usefully wider than normal, further enhancing the driving experience.
This modern technology makes use of a high-pressure pump, a common rail, and computer-controlled injectors to deliver exactly the right amount of fuel to each cylinder, at precisely the right timing. It is this exact timing and fuel measurement that leads to better combustion, cleaner burning and lower emissions of harmful substances such as soot (meeting European Step III exhaust gas regulations). And it is common rail injection that ensures D-4D engines deliver the optimum in power and torque throughout the range of rpm, for better driving performance and comfort.
Fuel in the D-4D is pressurised to an extremely high 135mpa within the "common rail" that feeds all four cylinders (older diesel engines have a separate pipe leading from the pump to each cylinder). The high pressure injection creates better fuel atomisation for complete burning and increased power output. And because there is less fuel wasted though inefficient combustion, the D-4D delivers better fuel economy too.
In addition the computer control unit injects a small amount of fuel into the cylinder just before the main fuel load ignites. This "pilot burn" lowers the explosive force of the main combustion process and goes a long way to reduce the noise and vibration formerly associated with diesel engines. This all goes to make it one of the silkiest diesels ever built.
This versatile engine was introduced in 2003 in the new Prado and is now a part of 3.0 Toyota Hilux Vigo and Toyota Hiace and Toyota Fortuner.
All 3000 cc (actually 2982) Vigos come with this excellent engine. F in FT stands for "economical" twin cam (narrow angle, around 22 degrees) and T for turbocharged.
This engine uses D-4D (Direct Injection 4 Stroke Common Rail Diesel Engine) electronic Common Rail (Common rail direct fuel injection ) technology, produces ultra high pressure, 135 mpa (1350 bar), which is about 8 times more than the pressure of the normal fuel injection system within the "common rail" that feeds all four cylinders (older diesel engines have a separate pipe leading from the pump to each cylinder). This combined with the 32-bit ECU which controls fuel quantity, valve-timing, and accurate pressure at different engine revolutions result in the most fuel economy and also in the full utilization of power, whether it is during taking off or during taking over, without having to drag the engine revolution to the maximum. Making the achievement with the fuel consumption 11% more effective compared to its predecessor 1KZ-TE engine thus 17% more powerful. Fuel consumption is also 12% more effective than the all new Toyota Hybrid engines. The Pilot Injection System helps smooth engine running like sitting in saloon cars. The noise level is only 49 decibels at the idle speed. The Pilot Injection System produces fuel injection in advance before the main injection starts working, reducing Ignition Lag Time and resulting in continuous and complete combustion. Noise from ignition is also reduced.
The 3.0-litre D-4D is the latest derivative of the renowned diesel engine which also appears in the flagship Toyota Land Cruiser range. It features second-generation common-rail technology, smooth control of the turbocharger variable vanes and a swirl control system for maximum efficiency.
The common rail system develops a maximum pressure of 1,600 bar, allowing the use of injector nozzles with smaller diameter holes to create a more homogenous air-fuel mix, improving the efficiency of the combustion process. This translates into more performance with lower emissions and lower fuel consumption.
The improvements introduced to the combustion process mean the compression ratio can be lower, at 17.9:1, than in other, less advanced diesel engines. This results in less heat build-up in the piston bowl and a more efficient combustion process, therefore enabling more performance with lower emissions and less noise.
One key to the impressive power and torque output of the 3.0-litre D-4D has always been the sophisticated, variable vane, turbocharger. Toyota uses an electric DC (direct current) motor to activate the variable nozzle vane mechanism, instead of the conventional step motor. The result is sharper response from the turbocharger, particularly at lower speeds.
The engine also benefits from a Swirl Control System. Each cylinder is supplied with air/exhaust mixture through two different ducts. Butterfly valves operated by the Swirl Control System can shut off one of these ducts according to the engine speed and load, increasing the mixture's swirl rate.
At low engine speeds this device improves the air-fuel mixture, thus increasing torque availability at low speeds along with lower emissions.
Its specifications are:
Bore x Stroke: 97.0 x 103.0 mm
[INDENT]Displacement: 2982 cc
Intercooled Turbo
Power: 120 kW , 163 HP DIN @ 3,400 rpm;
Torque 343 Nm @ 1,600 rpm
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