Brother newer engines, based on latest tech. require thin oils for their optimum performance, and their clearances, oil pumps, etc. are also designed accordingly. Similarly, old engines, based on old tech. require comparatively thick engine oils for their operation, as clearances are not that tight.
As per my limited knowledge, if you pour thin engine oil (like 0w-20, 5w-20, 5w-30, etc.) in an engine which is designed to work with 10w-40, 15w-40, 20w-50, etc. grades; burden will get considerably reduced on the oil pump, however, due to larger clearances, thin engine oil may not be able to provide sufficient lubrication and heat dissipation, resulting in premature rings / pistons wear and tear, and ultimately leading to engine failure.
Following articles are a good read regarding engine oils, and choosing the right ones:
https://cartreatments.com/symptoms-of-wrong-engine-oil/
https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/car-technology/a53/what-oil-does-my-car-take/
https://www.carbibles.com/guide-to-engine-oil/
And an excellent read:
https://www.aa1car.com/library/motor_oil_605.htm
I hope, it helps. Thank you.