the coolant thermostat will ensure the engine reaches and stays at optimum temperature, the cooling fan if electric or hydraulic (old 1JZ-GTE) will be switched on by a separate thermoswitch in the cylinder head or radiator depending on design and if a clutch fan is used it is dependant on the heated air from the radiator to engage.
the question of how many times it turns on while driving along on the highway with ambient temperatures of 10 degrees celcius. In a good system - never as the air wind is quite ferociously ramming through the radiator cooling it down. Fans are used to pull air when the vehicle is stationary.