do u know the site(if its in upper/lower pole) and size of the kidney stone?
if its less than 2cm u can get extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy done... its a procedure in which "vibrations" are sent to the sides of ur abdomen where ur kidneys r located and the stones are broken down. so basically theres no operation.
but u need to discuss all this with a nephrologist.
increasing ur water intake, taking antibiotics and pain killers (the medication given in renal stones) is not helping as u have recurrent episodes of pain so u have to move to step 2: which is either getting a lithotripsy or a percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( a scope is passed into ur kidneys) done.
but a nephrologist is the best person who can guide u on what to get done. and yes, it an be harmful (can damage ur kidneys) if u dont get it treated or if the pain gets worse.
there r plenty of causes, depending on what type of stone u have. the stones r of 3 types : calcium, uric acid or phosphate. dehydration can also be a cause. the important thing is to get it treated. Its a common problem here so u don't have to worry.
so get urself checked by a specialised doctor, inshAllah you will be cured. The pain must be horrible, but u dont have to worry. Its completely curable.
