sorry for replaying late Its basically known as 5 gas analysis or exhaust gas analysis or emission analysis
as far as my vague research its used to identify gasses and their quantity existing exhaust. which tells unburned fuel leaving exhaust or partially burnt fuel each case generate different gasses so in past this was the way to identify hidden issues. There are online calculators where you can simply put your values and get you air fuel ratio which ideally be 14.7 portions of air against 1 portion of fuel. there are many things which I can't explain properly. Some seniors might help you properly.
as far as your question I just know one in Sahiwal City (Adil Moter) where I 1st seen this type of machine in working.

and values from Lambda calculated from online calculator

further there are many videos online in this regard