When the unit is brand new and sealed, you can rely on what the manufacture has printed. When there is a leakage you will never be certain of how much refrigerant has been lost and thus you never know how much is left in your air conditioner. I have not seen or read anything that tells how much refrigerant is in a system without recovering all of it and weighing it. This is why a good practise is to remove/recover all of the refrigerant from a system after the leakage has been identified. After the leakage is fixed do a proper vacuum. Then weigh in the refrigerant.
Professionals use Super heat and Sub cooling and can identify and rectify the problems. But that requires good grasp of theory and a hands-on experience. And even they recommend the weight procedure as a proper one for these splits. As the manufacturers of air conditioner has done all the testing and found a proper charge of refrigerant for their particular unit.
You connect the refrigerant cylinder through manifold and pipes to the service valve port on the outdoor unit(normally it is their on the bigger copper pipes valve). You place the refrigerant cylinder on the weighing scale. Read the value (for e.g. it is 10.5 Kg.). Lets say you air conditioner requires 1.1 Kg. You then open the valve(s) so that the refrigerant starts to transfer to your air conditioner. The weight of the cylinder will start to reduce, when the reading of the weight scale reaches 9.4 Kg.(10.5 - 1.1 = 9.4) you shut the valve(s) off. Given there was no leakage of refrigerant during the transfer, your air conditioner is now filled with 1.1 Kg.(minus few grams that is in the manifold and manifold pipes).
I personally was unable to find someone with a vacuum pump let alone a recovery unit. For a D.I.Y. you will need tools, even if trying to keep it minimum you will need wrenches, screwdrivers, manifold set, weighing scale, Refrigerant cylinder with gas.
Try to find someone who can do what you want to get done. Cylinder of Honeywell R-22 is for ~7'500/- and is supposed to be original made is usa.
If your unit has not been performing well since the start, read your manual for the minimum clearance around the sides required for the indoor and outdoor unit. They should have adequate air flow to function properly. Also sometimes during installation the copper pipes (if mis-handled) might get crimped, that can also be a reason of not performing well.
Normally the a.c. people here will put a clamp meter on the outdoor unit wire and simply feed in or take out the gas until the compressor is pulling the rated amps printed on the outdoor unit. This seems to work but is not the right way.